Holding 13.8+ volts after a flooded battery is fully charged will substantially increase water consumption and degrade the plate material faster. It is temperature and battery brand specific, but float voltages usually range from 13.2 to 13.7.<br /><br />Acceptance voltages are usually 14.4 plus. It is very difficult to squeeze in the last few percent into batteries. Acceptance voltages at tapering amperages and time are needed to do it.<br /><br />Bulk charging raises the battery voltage as the battery state of charge rises. It rises to the acceptance level on three stage chargers, and the batteries are likely at the 90% stage once this voltage is reached, through the solar. Higher alternator amperages can attain these voltages at lower states of battery charge. <br /><br /><br />Equalization voltages(intentional overcharging to balance all the cells) is usually 15.2 plus.<br /><br />The higher the temps the less voltage needed. The lower the temps the higher the voltages needed. Charge controllers with battery temperature sensors are recommended.<br /><br />Each battery company lists slightly different voltage setpoints for bulk/acceptance/ and float charging. They also change these numbers as time goes on as they figure out what works best at reaching maximum specific gravity.<br /><br />A glass hydrometer that looks like a turkey baster is really the best tool on a flooded battery to determine it the voltage setpoints are indeed bringing the battery to full charge. The cheap plastic ones are near useless, because bubbles stick to the float skewing readings. The floating ball hydrometers are a joke.<br /><br />I set my acceptance voltage to 14.8 and hold it for 1 hour, but if I am dragging my batteries lower than I normally do overnight, 2.5 hours at 14.8 is needed to get the specific gravity at or above 1.275 across all the cells.<br /><br />Battery charging is an evolving science one can take to ridiculous levels, or one can just hope the system knows what is best and the batteries perform well for a long time. Sometimes there is no choice, depending on the equipment and it's limitations.<br /><br />Usually, with solar, one does not have enough time or wattage or sunlight anyway.<br /><br />