A phone battery is rated in mAH, and obviously the capacity of batteries in different phones varies.
However, it must be noted that 1900mAH at 5 volts is not the same as 1900mAH at 12 volts.
If phones were 12v, then it would take nearly 2AH from the vehicle battery to fully charge a completely depleted phone that had a 2000Mah battery, if the phone was turned off, and not actually consuming any energy other than charging the battery.
At only 5 volts the phone's really do not consume very much from a regular 12v battery, and the alternator can easily replace what the phone alone requires from it. It of course depends on how often the vehicle is driven and how often the phone needs to be recharged, but I would not stress depletion of the vehicles battery if ONLY recharging a phone.
http://www.amazon.com/Jelly-Comb-Un...UTF8&qid=1434248422&sr=8-6&keywords=usb+Meter
The above link will show volts, amps and count the mAH consumed from USB devices. It has been an enlightening tool for me. There are some conversion losses in lowering 12.xx volts to 5.0 volts, but they are almost negligible in this usage.
As for how to provide 5 volts, I use these products:
https://www.bluesea.com/products/1016/Dual_USB_Charger_Socket
And in my existing Ciggy plug receptacles products similar to these:
http://www.amazon.com/Compatible-Bl...d=1434341974&sr=8-22&keywords=usb+car+charger
Shorter quality micro USB cables from USB to device being charged, can also reduce charge times due to less voltage drop:
http://www.amazon.com/Anker-Premium...434342154&sr=8-1&keywords=anker+micro+usb+1ft
I've found the shorter cables to be more ergonomic in my Van/usage.