CosmickGold said:
But not practical in the real world.
Here is a video about that idea, explaining (among other things) that your alternator was designed to only replace the 2 Amp hours of power used to start the engine.
I'm gonna be blunt: Will Prowse is not the final word on what can be done. He even refers to this in that video.
It's a mix of facts, that can be confusing, although
some of his information is in the 'ball-park'.
He was mostly referring to
deeply discharged lithium batteries or a large bank of
deeply discharged lead acid batteries.
Those lithium batteries can absolutely put a heavy load on an alternator...very true, so you would need a way to regulate the charging current AND voltage, using a battery-to-battery charging system like the Renogy B2B chargers.
But what he left out is the fact that normal automotive alternators can produce many dozens of amps (or hundreds of watts) continuously: they have to be able to operate the vehicle systems such as the electric radiator fan (if equipped) on some vehicles, the dash A/C blower, the headlights, brake lights, and running lights, fog or driving lights, power windows and maybe heated mirrors, the electric defoggers (if equipped), the ignition system, the vehicle computers, stereos, 12v lighters and power ports, heated seats, etc...
Don't get hung up on Will's reference of '2 ah' from an alternator as being the limit that they can provide and not fail. Jeeze.
In fact, most modern vehicles from the last 40 years or so have a fair amount of surplus capacity, probably in the range of 10 to 20 amps for an average midsize or above engine and alternator, and even more when you have a vehicle with a 100 amp (or above) alternator.
A modest sized lead-acid battery bank that is not deeply discharged can easily be charged with a normal alternator, providing you plan on driving for several hours to do it, and the battery temps are above freezing...since very cold lead acid batteries charge very slowly.
And as B and C stated, most normal solar charge controllers play well with other charging sources when they are available, you don't have to disconnect anything.