As far as the polarizing politics, I think congress does more than reflect our inability to compromise. They actually encourage it. The two major parties agree on at least one thing. They want to keep our political structure exactly like it is. Until we change that, not much else will change. If I had my choice, I would prefer a parliamentary structure. That would break the power of the two-party system and allow alternatives.
Multi-party parliament, euro style, has its own problems - see Israel or France or Germany. Voter feels alienated from and not represented by some vague party guy in some far-away parliament. So you have low voter participation, the protest votes and instability.
I think that winner-takes-all district in USA are better solution (I have a REPRESENTATIVE of my district, someone to let know that I am unhappy, who responds to ME), and trick is how to force representatives to compromise IN THE DISTRICT. And multi-candidate race with ranked chioce and instant runoff forces candidates to appeal to voter od other candidates, to be their second choice. It forces the compromise, instead of being the most partisan to win the primaries in gerry-mandered district where general elections are in 90% a formality.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting
Term limit IMHO will change little, because the district will continue to be gerry-manderd, uncompetitive, just owned by different politician of the same party for the term limit, with little interest in a compromise.
And we also need to ban the gerry-mandering of districts.
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