Nothing 12V (with a compressor) is going to be cheap, and you will have to run the engine to power it.
Anything else is just a cooler full of ice and a fan, which will give some temporary relief but won't last, or an evaporative (Swamp) cooler and will be worse in high humidity than a fan by itself.
You may consider a 5000 BTU window unit from Lowes and a 900 watt generator from Horror Fright. Those gennys are 2 stroke, noisy and stinky but I have read that they will usually power the smallest of window AC units. Together, those two should be able to be had for about $200-225.
If you are talking about running AC while driving, fixing the dash unit will be the best and overall cheapest solution. After all you won't get jack squat for a car with a broken AC. The investment may be worth it if you get half of the repair back in increased resale value when you sell the car.
It shouldn't cost more than $400-500 to fix it and get it working. If the estimates are higher, keep looking, or look for someone on Craigslist. Yeah, that is a lot to some, but wasting $50 on a cooler and a fan contraption is money just wasted, IMO.