Because there is not an extreme amount of information being shared on Youtube/blogs/this forum about traveling with cat, just wanted to add my cat/van experience to this thread. Please believe: all animals have different preferences and personalities and therefore have different needs and you'll have a unique experience with each pet you take on the road.
Characteristics of my cat: scared easily, prefers quiet places and only humans she knows. She hated her hard sided carrier when going to vet so I tried a different soft sided carrier and she hated it too. She would pee in fear in the carriers and meow meow meow. (and yes, I would leave the carrier out in my living room and put treats in it and she just never came around to liking them). She also does not play with toys of any type even if I try to get her too : )
When I went on a six week trip last year, I had a roommate that could care for her and my heart could tolerate being apart for 6 weeks. I am now full time and have no one to take her, and besides that, caring for her is super important for my mental health. Rehoming her permanently (i.e. leaving at a shelter or finding a new permanent home directly) is not an option, as the majority of pet owners will understand. Firmly, not an option to give up my pet. She was my grannie's cat (and my granny has since passed).
Earlier this year I had a very special opportunity to keep my minivan in a heated garage while dog sitting for 6 weeks (March-Feb), and it was right before my lease ended. I used this as an opportunity to see if my cat could acclimate to living in the van. For about a week I didn't drive it, and slept in it with her the whole 6 weeks of course.
After the first week I started taking the van on short errands, like grocery store. I covered surfaces with ***puppy pee pads, as she would have accidents when the van first started up (it scared her; involuntary poop usually). That happened like four times. But she acclimated quicker than I expected, and soon she was comfortable enough to use her litter box while the van was moving (the first time she did I knew we were rockin' and rollin'!).
She did pee on my bed one time. It was a matter of getting the right cleaning supplies and using my sister's Bissel wet vac. I highly recommend using puppy pads until a week or two after you think they're comfortable.
Soon she started curling up and snoozing while the van was moving.
Don't forget SCRATCHER PAD(s) (she is happy with the basic cardboard rectangle like from any grocery store). Cats have a genuine need to stretch their fingers/claws/back and that's what scratchers are for.
At this point, the whole van is my cat's "safe space". In an apartment, she would run under a bed or behind a couch when scared, but now the whole van is her safe space. If she is outside of it and scared, she darts back inside and up onto the driver's seat.
I have a harness for her, and a leash, but she doesn't "go on walks". She hates the harness still and may never like it- all cats are different. I just use it to let her lay in the grass and sniff the grass and stuff. At one point I thought she was doing good, and I got a much longer leash because I wanted her to be above to just slink about the woods we were in. However, a terrible thing happened. She got scared and ran under the van- cool, that's fine; she's done that before. But, the horrible thing was that she climbed up into the undercarriage and got super tangled and at one point was just like hanging in her harness. I had to cut the leash and she was able to free herself. Learned two lessons: never let her run under the van on a leash again, and long leashes get tangled around trees/tires/etc.
I let her roam free when I'm in a neighborhood like staying in my sister's driveway, but if I'm in a campground she doesn't get to roam free. I think it's best that dogs must be leashed in campgrounds, and cats shouldn't be allowed to roam in campgrounds either, that's totally fair. I'm unsure if I should allow her to roam free if doing dispersed camping- she does always manage to find her way back and I don't think she goes too far but- I basically don't want her to be poking around other people's rigs and stuff. Also, if you're trying to adhere to "leave no trace", letting a cat/dog roam free ain up to par- they leave a mark on the ecosystem whether it's just trampling greenery, scratching up stuff, catching rodents/birds, etc.
I wish I had a larger vehicle (I'm in a minivan) as my cat still gets "zoomies", which are stunted inside van (seems like she takes a crap around 9:30 every night and rockets out of the litter box lol). Wish I could afford the purchase price and gas for a Class B at least.
I also am very concerned about summer heat. If you aren't worried about heat and you're reading this, you need to know that heat kills animals inside vehicles in a matter of minutes. Heat is deadly. When it is 80 degrees outside, it can be like 130 degrees inside in minutes.
In my van I have an outside temp indicator, and I've found when that reads 72 and above outside, it's starting to get too hot. Probably not deadly until outside reads 75 or above but I'm no expert on that, and with my cat I'm risk-adverse. If I'm sweating just sitting there, I'm sure she's even hotter and can't cool down as easily as me- not good. I decided I will never leave her in the van without AC - unless I'm parked **in the shade** AND **it's under 72 degrees** outside AND I leave my (screened) windows down. Will this mean rarely leaving the van? I guess maybe.
After dog sitting, I headed to southern Appalachia because spring/warmer temps come earlier there than where I was in Michigan. In Appalachia, I've sat in the van running the AC during peak heat times (well, I work FT using cell signal and I was sitting in the van anyway). I wasn't willing to even go into the grocery store unless I could park in the shade and it was under 72.
Next week we leave Appalachia for high elevation in Colorado. Lots of people do this for the same reason I am- the higher the elevation, the lower the temperature.
I'm going to try some sun deflection, finding/creating shade to park under, reflectix window covers, and a fan.
My big thing is that I love hiking and want to be gone for hours. Scenic hiking trails are possibly the biggest reason I am in my van. When I live in sticks n bricks, I'm just not healthy. I get depressed, I don't move my body like to go hike or bike (and just haven't been able to get into plain ol' workouts or gyms); I just find myself sitting in my armchair and eating delivery pizza all the time. But when I'm living out of my van, I move much much more, eat better, and the adventure is good for my spirit.
If the weather temps are not forecasted to be under 72 for the day, I'll have to adjust my schedule to being with her during the hottest times of the day. I worry about what if something happens to me and I don't make it back to the van. I worry that it will get too hot while I'm gone and I won't make it back quickly enough. I am not going to take risks with her life and the heat though, so I may just be "stuck" not hiking much.
After I learn things this summer, I'll try to report back.
If anyone sees this thread and knows from experience I'm being ridiculous about the <~72 degrees + shade thing, please let me know.